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Compare Mayotte (2007) - Sao Tome and Principe (2006)

Compare Mayotte (2007) z Sao Tome and Principe (2006)

 Mayotte (2007)Sao Tome and Principe (2006)
 MayotteSao Tome and Principe
Administrative divisions none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome


note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995
Age structure 0-14 years: 45.8% (male 48,016/female 47,533)


15-64 years: 52.5% (male 59,111/female 50,437)


65 years and over: 1.8% (male 1,864/female 1,822) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 47.5% (male 46,478/female 45,302)


15-64 years: 48.8% (male 45,631/female 48,661)


65 years and over: 3.8% (male 3,368/female 3,973) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), coffee, copra cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish
Airports 1 (2007) 2 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Area total: 374 sq km


land: 374 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 1,001 sq km


land: 1,001 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Background Mayotte was ceded to France along with the other islands of the Comoros group in 1843. It was the only island in the archipelago that voted in 1974 to retain its link with France and forego independence. Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy.
Birth rate 40.35 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 40.25 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $420 million


expenditures: $394 million (2005)
revenues: $26.39 million


expenditures: $59.48 million; including capital expenditures of $54 million (2004 est.)
Capital name: Mamoudzou


geographic coordinates: 12 46 S, 45 13 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
name: Sao Tome


geographic coordinates: 0 12 N, 6 39 E


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Coastline 185.2 km 209 km
Constitution 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte


conventional short form: Mayotte
conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe


conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe


local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe


local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
Death rate 7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 6.47 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $NA $318 million (2002)
Dependency status departmental collectivity of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) chief of mission: First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA


chancery: 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (212) 317-0580


FAX: [1] (212) 935-7348


consulate(s): Atlanta
Disputes - international claimed by Comoros none
Economic aid - recipient $201.3 million; note - extensive French financial assistance (2005) $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program
Economy - overview Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance, an important supplement to GDP. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism. This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program, and is expected to benefit from an additional round of HIPC debt relief in early 2006, to help bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, Sao Tome signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) program worth $4.3 million. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria. The first production licenses were sold in 2004, though a dispute over licensing with Nigeria delayed Sao Tome's receipt of more than $20 million in signing bonuses for almost a year. Real GDP growth reached 6% in 2004, and also probably in 2005, as a result of increases in public expenditures and oil-related capital investment.
Electricity - consumption 139.2 million kWh (2005) 13.95 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production NA kWh 15 million kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Benara 660 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
Environment - current issues NA deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups NA mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002) dobras per US dollar - 9,900.4 (2005), (2004), 9,347.6 (2003), 9,088.3 (2002), 8,842.1 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Jean-Paul KIHL (since 17 January 2005)


head of government: President of the General Council Said Omar OILI (since 8 April 2004)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; president of the General Council elected by the members of the General Council for a six-year term; next election to be held in 2010
chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ (since 21 April 2006)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 July 2006 (next to be held July 2011); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president


election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president; percent of vote - Fradique DE MENEZES 60%, Patrice TROVOADA 38.5%
Exports $6.5 million f.o.b. (2005) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra, coconuts, coffee, cinnamon cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil
Exports - partners France 43%, Comoros 36%, Reunion 15% (2006) Netherlands 61.1%, Belgium 9.2%, Turkey 5.5%, South Korea 4% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description unofficial, local flag with the coat of arms of Mayotte centered on a white field, above which the name of the island appears in red capital letters; the main elements of the coat of arms, flanked on either side by a seahorse, appear above a scroll with the motto RA HACHIRI (We are Vigilant); the only official flag is the national flag of France three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 16.7%


industry: 14.8%


services: 68.4% (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 6% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 50 S, 45 10 E 1 00 N, 7 00 E
Geography - note part of Comoro Archipelago; 18 islands the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $341 million f.o.b.; note - excludes petroleum imports (2005) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, metals, chemicals machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products
Imports - partners France 49%, Seychelles 8.8%, China 4.1%, South Africa 2.8% (2006) UK 94.2%, Portugal 2.7%, US 1% (2005)
Independence none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber
Infant mortality rate total: 59.51 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 65.33 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 53.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total: 41.83 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 43.74 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 39.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.7% (2005) 15.2% (2005 est.)
International organization participation UPU ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land NA 100 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)
Labor force 44,560 (2002) 35,050
Labor force - by occupation - note: population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of skilled workers
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: NA%


permanent crops: NA%


other: NA%
arable land: 8.33%


permanent crops: 48.96%


other: 42.71% (2005)
Languages Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population Portuguese (official)
Legal system the laws of France, where applicable, apply based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 21 and 28 March 2004 (next to be held in 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - MDM 23.3%, UMP 22.8%, PS 10.2%, MRC 8.9%, FRAP 6.5%, MPM 1.2%, other 27.1%; seats by party - MDM 6, UMP 9, MRC 2, MPM 1, diverse left 1


note: Mayotte elects one member of the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held in September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - UMP-RPR 55.1%, UDF 44.9%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 26 March 2006 (next to be held March 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - MDFM-PCD 37.2%, MLSTP 28.9%, ADI 20.0%, NR 4.7%, other 9.2%; seats by party - MDFM-PCD 23, MLSTP 19, ADI 12, NR 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 62.16 years


male: 59.94 years


female: 64.45 years (2007 est.)
total population: 67.31 years


male: 65.73 years


female: 68.95 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.3%


male: 85%


female: 62% (1991 est.)
Location Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 8 ships (1000 GRT or over) 21,527 GRT/29,823 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 7


foreign-owned: 3 (Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1) (2006)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France; a small contingent of French forces is stationed on the island Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay and conditions have been a problem in the past, as has alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance as initial steps towards the improvement of the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)
Military branches - Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (FASTP): Army, Coast Guard, Presidential Guard (2004)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $581,729 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.8% (2005 est.)
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Nationality noun: Mahorais (singular and plural)


adjective: Mahoran
noun: Sao Tomean(s)


adjective: Sao Tomean
Natural hazards cyclones during rainy season NA
Natural resources NEGL fish, hydropower
Net migration rate 3.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) -2.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or UMP-RPR [Mansour KAMARDINE]; Force of the Rally and the Alliance for Democracy or FRAP; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [Omar SIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS [Ibrahim ABUBACAR] (local branch of French Parti Socialiste); Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE] Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 208,783 (July 2007 est.) 193,413 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 54% (2004 est.)
Population growth rate 3.617% (2007 est.) 3.15% (2006 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2001) AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002)
Religions Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) 3% Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.172 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.023 male(s)/female


total population: 1.092 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications


domestic: NA


international: country code - 269; microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros
general assessment: adequate facilities


domestic: minimal system


international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 10,000 (2002) 7,000 (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular 48,100 (2005) 12,000 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 3 (2001) 2 (2002)
Terrain generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks volcanic, mountainous
Total fertility rate 5.69 children born/woman (2007 est.) 5.62 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 25.4% (2005) NA%
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